I would be leaning more towards a cracked head with how the last picture looks. That cylinder was seeing lots of water ingestion. Head gaskets don't typically leak water in the combustion chamber on a duramax.
Either way you need to get those heads to a good machine shop and have them checked over, and then worked over thoroughly.
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id have to agree. its hard to see in the pic of the inner ring edge of the old HG but i cant see much damage or a fault (again, cant see well enough to be sure though). from the marks on the head, it looked well sealed to the head but that dont mean the ring didnt split in half or it leaked past the block (though again, i cant see evidence of it leaking on the HG).