Take a look at this them there picture
The field power is via the regulator. This can act as the "diode you speak of. It will vary the current in the armature to increase or decrease the output of the main windings. There is also a set of diodes on the stator to convert the alternating current to DC and this will also prevent the current flowing backwards.
Being an AC generator or alternator, if current did flow backwards it would try and stall or exibit high resistance to rotation before it burned up. It would not run like a motor.
It is possible to run them as a motor with a three phase drive like used in RC cars, etc by bypassing the regulator and diodes and hooking it straight up to the stator and applying a small current to the armature