It is wrong thinking to think of how much "boost" a given configuration can make. Think instead, how much air it makes, it is a more complete description of capacity. RPM is a really big variable.
A smaller turbo (compressor) must make more heat than a larger one. All this heat originates as mechanical energy at the turbine. It's as simple as that. Since the turbine has finite limits to what it can produce, the more heat produced in the compression process, the less mechaniocal energy available for compression and total air motion.