Indirect injected diesels need glow plugs big time. Engines like the gm 6.5, 6.2, and pre 93 7.3 and 6.9 Ford are very reliant on glow plugs to start. But newer direct injection engines like Duramax's don't really need them till it's stupid cold out. They're mainly there for emissions and help to clean up cold start smoke.
If you're bleeding the filter and getting it to start I'd say you have an air leak somewhere. It doesn't take much of one to start doing that. I'd bet you either have a cracked filter head or rubber fuel line. Worst part is its all but impossible to track down a leak like that without putting the system under positive pressure. If you ever considered putting a lift pump in your truck now would be a good time and a good excuse. That will put the front 3/4 of the fuel system under 8-12psi and your leak will hopefully show up quick
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